O brincar nas escolas de educação infantil da rede municipal de ensino de Juiz de Fora: contribuição da gestão escolar

Abstract

The aim of this research is to identify the challenges faced by the school management team in the process of implementation of the Curriculum Proposal for the Education Network of Juiz de Fora to the early childhood education in relation to the pedagogical practices associated to the act of playing. So, we suggest an Educational Action Plan which contains proposals aimed at optimization of playing in local schools. The Curriculum Proposal for the Education Network of Juiz de Fora to the early childhood education, existing since 2010, provides play as right and remedy that should be the guiding principle of pedagogical practices in the classrooms. Considering this, we aim to verify whether and how the act of playing is present in teachers actions from the early childhood education classrooms in the city of Juiz de Fora, based on the experience of the researcher as a teacher and nowadays as a management from a public school that offers early childhood education and the first year of the elementary school. The initial perception is that pedagogical practices aligned to play have been little explored in the network schools, what may make the classes not attractive to the students. The methodology used to this investigation is documental research, bibliographical research and field research. The documental research shows the conception of playing and the pedagogical practices that must subsidize the early childhood education work in documents, especially in the National Curriculum Reference for Early Childhood Education, the National Curriculum Guidelines for Early Childhood Education, the Curriculum Proposal for the Education Network of Juiz de Fora for the Early Childhood Education. We highlight the orientations related to the pedagogical practices in the early childhood education that show the act of playing as a fundamental aspect on the learning process and on the individual formation. The bibliographic research covers papers and dissertations which talk about the early childhood education in the city of Juiz de Fora and about conceptions about the act of playing presented by some authors such as Vygotsky (1991,1998), Piaget (1978,1979), Fröebel (1912), between others. The field research was executed through interviews with five schools managers and through questionnaires applied to sixteen teachers from early childhood education classes, in order to gather information about their perceptions on playing in this learning step, and the frequency with which the activity is explored in everyday school life. Considering the results of the present research, we elaborated an Educational Action Plan which aims to improve the pedagogical practices related to playing in early childhood classrooms, with the management team as mediator of this process. The proposed actions provide subsidies and conditions for the occurrence of the professionals continuing education inside the school, through studies, discussions in educational meetings, and also the creation of a teaching material for all involved in the learning process of students, which encompasses suggestions of activities as well successful experience reports that may help with the insertion of playing as a daily practice in early childhood education classrooms of other schools from the city of Juiz de Fora.