Consulta de enfermagem às mulheres soropositivas na perspectiva fenomenológica

Abstract

Cervical and breast cancer are among the diseases and noncommunicable diseases that kill the most in the world and in search of knowing the seropositive woman who experienced the nursing consultation in the screening for cervical and breast cancer, is that was defined as the object of this investigation: the meaning of the experience of women with HIV in the nursing consultation in the screening of cervical and breast cancer. Therefore, this research aimed to: unveil the meaning of the experience of nursing consultation to women in screening for cervical and breast cancer, carried out according to the precepts of humanistic nursing, for HIV-positive women who experienced it. This is a qualitative study, using Heidegger's Phenomenology as the theoretical-methodological and philosophical foundation. The scenario was the Specialized Assistance Service, located in Juiz de Fora, where the participants were 11 HIV-positive women who experienced the nursing consultation. the woman. Data collection was carried out through three moments: pre-consultation, consultation according to the precepts of Humanistic Theory and post-consultation. The analysis of the data started with the historiography and historicity of the participants, and from the analysis of the statements, the following Units of Meaning emerged: The nursing consultation for the screening of Cervical and Breast Cancer generates shame; prejudice or fear of suffering it precedes the Nursing Consultation; the importance of the service offered by the service; assumptions of Humanistic Theory in Nursing Consultation; Nursing consultation: from prevention to screening. The analysis sought to associate Heideggerian Hermeneutics and Humanistic Theory, making it possible to unveil the being-there in the world in its existentiality. In their speeches, the participants expressed reasons that made them feel ashamed to perform the screening consultation for Cervical and Breast Cancer, as well as referring to prejudice as something inherent to being HIV-positive women, citing situations of prejudice already experienced. who compromised their willingness to participate in the nursing consultation, comparing health care in the service with that of other health services in the Unified Health System. The women interviewed reported that they felt safe in the specialized service, which goes against the assumptions the humanistic theory that understands nursing as a profession that participates in the lives of individuals in various stages of their chronology, through the care process. It is concluded that we nursing professionals need better preparation for these consultations, whose focus should always be the health of this woman and the prevention of diseases and health problems, since in people who live with the virus some diseases, especially the HPV has accelerated progression and greater health risks, reinforcing the need to conduct new research that addresses health professionals in order to identify the difficulties experienced by them that compromise the care of these women at all levels of health service attention .