A dignidade humana no modelo antropológico-filosófico de Max Scheler e seus impactos

Abstract

The aim of this actual Master Thesis is studying the foundation of human dignity on the basis of philosophic-anthropological proposed by Max Scheler and its impacts. The philosopher understands the human being as endowed by spirit, that is, as person, atribute that constitutes his starting interrogation’s object, the human peculiarity in the world. The person is the origin and the source of conscious and spiritual acts from those it has object-intuition (in the theoretical área) and value-intuition (in the practical área) in its own experiences. In both áreas, Scheler states a priori in the transcendent sphere which can be object of conscious intuition from the phenomenological experience. The Scheler’s phenomenology is opposite from Kant’s Critical Philosophy which states a priori in the transcendental sphere and it just can be reached by a experience-free and rational speculation. The values are the first point of Scheler’s non-formal Ethics and the person is a sacred value (highest valuem in the value’s hierarchy). Therefore, the Scheler’s phenomenology overcomes the reinterpretation of categorical imperative by which the person is and end in the ethical formalism of Kant’s philosophy (formal and a priori). The philosophic-anthropological propose is exposed in the first chapter whose reference is the Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values and the tract “About the Man’s idea”. On the second chapter, the value-intuition, basis of Scheler’s ethical proposal and the sympaty phenomenon are investigated. This last phenomenon is the link between ethical personalism and sociology of knowledge, that is, the overpassing between the person and the relation inter-personal (the intersubjectivity). These investigations are based on the first book Essence and forms of sympathy. By the end, on the third chapter, one reflects about the collective phenomenon as a result of the journey from the person to the collective and value-oriented spirit which is studied on the Sociology of knowledge. It is concluded that the Scheler’s ethical personalism offers onde foundation to human dignity which serves to the Law, because this dignity is an objective and intentional contente of collective phenomenological experiencies. The development of this research is in the form of philosophical investigation on which it is defined an recognizable object – the foundation of human dignity – and it is reviewed from an bibliographyc investigation.