Gestão de risco em projetos de construção civil: um estudo de caso das construtoras da cidade de Volta Redonda-RJ

Abstract

The civil construction industry's political and economic challenges compelled companies in this sector to seek managerial and productive improvements aimed at adapting to survival. There was a movement to search for administrative tools to support the market monitoring process, reading the competition, updating the changes in laws and the fluctuations in the economy. And would be essential to use risk management techniques in construction companies' projects to increase the chances of success in the short, medium, and long term. Even so, it was found that, in practice, when planning, mitigation, and risk control actions are carried out in construction companies, such processes are incomplete and empirical, directly influencing their performance and effectiveness reinforcing the assertion that the action of planning and control remains as oblique points for many Brazilian construction companies, since entrepreneurs have a certain aversion to an excess of internal bureaucratization, largely because they are unaware of simplified management tools and methods that can help their business. Such an aversion to more complex processes and procedures by the manager causes gaps in the study of risk in their projects. Faced with this dichotomy, one wonders how risk management occurs in civil construction projects in the city of Volta Redonda - RJ. Methodologically, this research has a qualitative character, of an applied, descriptive nature, structured as a case study according to Yin's proposals (2015). For the generation of data, a questionnaire was applied with 23 respondents in a universe of 58 companies and seven interviews. The interview data treatment was based on content analysis proposed by Bardin (2011) and was supported by the IRAMUTEQ software. The questionnaire data were treated based on descriptive statistics and the Paraconsistent Logic by Sanches et al. (2011). As a result, it was identified that the research participants demonstrated knowledge, attention, and practice about risk management for events such as security/theft, climate, geographic and financial issues. Still, such attention does not necessarily result in formal planning of actions and scenario propositions. It was understood that within this process, the surveyed companies tend to practice risk management empirically and intuitively deliberately and that the builder does not always have the perception that he as a manager can assign risk management to specific people within your company. Finally, it was inferred that the management process in civil construction suffers losses due to lack of financial resources, that the builder's unpreparedness regarding technical, administrative issues are, perhaps, the greatest risk that his companies face, that the builder has characteristics as an entrepreneur out of necessity because of the planning posture and that the absorption and transfer of risks are the practices most used by the researched universe.