Análise dos padrões familiares regionais das elasticidades-renda da demanda de proteínas animais na economia brasileira entre 2002 e 2018

Abstract

Brazil is one of the biggest players in the animal protein market in the world, its consumption is among the top five in the world in 2019 and top four in production. This research focuses on conducting an analysis of the evolution of animal protein consumption patterns, through the analysis of the gross value between income classes, as well as the income elasticities of demand disaggregated between products in this group for Brazil and its Regions. Data from the 2002-2003, 2008- 2009 and 2017-2018 editions of the “Pesquisa Orçamentária Familiar (POF)” conducted by the “Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística” were used, disaggregated into regions and income brackets, using the Weighted Least Squares method and as a weighting factor the population in each income bracket. Despite the gross expenditure on animal proteins increasing among the surveys, the relative expenditure with the reported minimum wages at the time of the survey was decreasing, denoting a reduction in the importance in the family spendings. It was also found that there is a concentration of spending on animal proteins in the highest income range of each sample, while as 2.5% of the richest families in the Brazilian sample correspond to 23% of the consumption of these products, as 74% less wealthy families are responsible for 27% of the expenditure in this group. In addition, as expected, there is heterogeneity in income elasticities of demand between regions and income strata, the highest values of average elasticity for large groups of animal proteins, for the last POF, were found in the Midwest region, while the smallest in the North. Another pattern observed was that for Brazil, as well as for its regions, the order between the elasticities of the large groups of animal proteins between the periods if maintained. The group with the highest average elasticities for Brazil and its regions was Milk and derivatives, followed by Meat, viscera and fish and, finally, Poultry and eggs, national average results were 0.611, 0.426 and 0.186, respectively.