Diversidade de abelhas sem ferrão (Meliponina) em áreas urbanas no Brasil e avaliação da toxicidade aguda de Malathion para Partamona helleri (Friese, 1900)

Abstract

This dissertation presents two sections that aimed to understand the diversity of stingless bees inserted in urban environments and one of the main factors why this diversity can be threatened today. The first section had as main objective to analyze in detail studies of diversity of stingless bees in urban areas of Brazil published in the last 50 years. To achieve the objectives of this work, the PRISMA methodology was used for systematic reviews and meta-analytical studies. As a result, the following informations were obtained and analyzed: i) places where the studies were carried out and published; ii) distribution of publications over the years considered for analysis; iii) duration and methods most used in the studies; iv) more inventoried species and their nesting ecology; v) places that are configured as priorities for the execution of future researchs on the theme in Brazil. For the second section, the main objective was to evaluate the acute toxicity of Malathion, the main pesticide used for vector control in urban centers, in one of the species that are commonly found in these environments, Partamona helleri. Contact test bioassays were performed, consisting in the contact of adult bees with filter paper impregnated with five different concentrations of Malathion. The mortality rates were recorded after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Thus, it was possible to estimate the LC50 values of 0.0104% and 0.0054% in the two exposure times considered, respectively. The product label indicates a 0.15% usage concentration, which is quite high compared to that estimated by this study, thus representing a great risk for individuals who are exposed. With the execution of these two studies, it was possible to learn more about the fauna of stingless bees found in different urban centers throughout Brazil and one of the main risks that are offered by the dynamics existing in these environments for insects that perform fundamental ecological services, such as pollination.