Educação pública, investimentos de P&D e capital de conhecimento: o papel dos gastos do governo no Brasil

Abstract

In Brazil, after the 90s, there was a great expansion of higher education in the country, with the changes that occurred in society and in the form of accumulation of knowledge capital. In this context, public education has gained prominence, not only in access to education, but in making national economic development feasible and the insertion of Brazil abroad with the development of its technological nucleus. In this scenario, this study conducts a quantitative experiment based on computable general equilibrium (EGC) on the role of public spending on education as a reflection on the country's technological core measured by investments in research and development (R&D) that determine the generation of knowledge capital from the country. A simulation is made by cutting public spending, with an impact on the economy, by direct and indirect effects, characteristic of the dynamic recursive model. The relationship if necessary in view of a model that identifies the explicit form of the government budget, as well as the movement to invest almost everything that is produced in R&D through public education. For this transformation, with the results there is a dimension of the fall in economic activity from a macroeconomic point of view - an average drop of 2% of GDP between 2011 and 2030 -, by sector - public R&D closes the accumulated deviation of 2030 in -37, 75% while private R&D stands at 3.09% - and redistribution of family income - accumulated deviation of -13% without real wages in 2022 and -7% in household consumption for the same period -, indirectly since they do not monetarily demand a public good. Thus, it seeks to consider public education even more as an investment and not as an expense, since by indirect and direct effects the reduction of the interns themselves.