Abordagens investigativas no ensino de microbiologia para a promoção da alfabetização científica dos estudantes de nível médio

Abstract

Brazilian public education currently faces numerous problems, such as the lack of school infrastructure and inadequate scientific literacy rates (LC) of students. In the midst of this scenario, teaching the contents related to Biology, mainly Microbiology, in a contextualized way has been a challenge for many public school teachers. In the expectation of bringing contributions to the teaching of Microbiology in public high schools of basic education, this research sought to present new proposals for teaching strategies through the elaboration of the titled E-book: “Biology that we do not see: practical classes for schools without laboratories ”. The educational product was prepared after conducting a bibliographic survey on the types of active methodologies and experimental practices related to Microbiology. The Teaching by Research methodology was selected for its ability to provide the development of active learning activities for the promotion of scientific literacy (AC) and critical investigative thinking of students, through the resolution of problems contextualized to everyday life, in addition to the feasibility of applying it in public schools of basic education by the Biology teacher. The learning objectives of the didactic sequences of investigative teaching (SEI) elaborated were chosen according to the current scenario of Brazilian public schools. The material prepared is suitable for the classes of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of high school and based on the competences and skills of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC). The set of SEI are organized in an E-book to be made available in digital resource format for free download, targeting public Biology teachers from the public school system. Therefore, the provided product aims to motivate public school teachers to develop practical classes and experimental demonstrations, combined with the theoretical teaching of Microbiology, through the use of accessible and financially viable materials for the development of cognitive and metacognitive skills, aiming at gradual reach of scientific literacy and meaningful student learning. The didactic-pedagogical instrument developed was based on the current challenge of the lack of appropriate instruments and working conditions in which Biology teachers are found, working in high school in public elementary schools and their students, who daily have their rights to learning violated, due to the lack of infrastructure, basic inputs and active methodologies for conducting adequate and quality experimental practical classes. Demonstrating that contextualized teaching of microbiology in high school is possible, even in the absence of a well-equipped laboratory environment. The accomplishment of this work seeks the modernization and innovation of the teaching of Microbiology, by making the educational product available in Brazilian public schools that are interested in using it. In developing them, we hope to assist in the development of more autonomous students and protagonists, for the future formation of more critical and conscious citizens about the role of science for the society to which they are inserted.