Ensino de biologia para jovens e adultos: diagnóstico e intervenção em escolas estaduais na Superintendência Regional de Ensino de Colatina – ES

Abstract

Illiteracy in Brazil affects more than 11 million people over 15 years of age. In addition to this estimate, which is the result of ills suffered as unemployment, health problems in the family, lack of financial resources, about 60% of the population, including young people and adults, do not have complete elementary education, which represents an obstacle to the exercise of citizenship of these people. The objective of this work is to make a diagnosis and an intervention in the teaching of biology for Young People and Adults at the SRE of Colatina in Espírito Santo, verifying the socioeconomic profile of the students, methodologies used by the teachers, the didactic resources available and applying a sequence didactics with active methodology. The present work consists of a descriptive and exploratory research with quantitative bias conducted in state schools of the Regional Teaching Superintendence (SRE) of Colatina - ES that offer the Youth and Adult Education modality. This SRE is composed of 11 municipalities, 5 of which (Baixo Guandu, Colatina, Itaguaçu, Pancas and São Domingos do Norte) have schools that offer EJA modality. Starting from the hypothesis that the teaching materials used in EJA are scarce, absent or incompatible with the reality of students and curricular guidelines, the objective was to verify how biology teaching for Youth and Adult Education happens in SRE state schools. de Colatina - ES, as well as, elaborate, apply and evaluate a didactic sequence for the students of this teaching modality. The diagnosis of the real situation of the teaching of biology in this SRE was made through the application of semi-structured questionnaires to students and teachers of biology in the region, with the tabulation of quantitative data and analysis of the content of qualitative data. Using the Three Pedagogical Moments and Scientific Literacy, a didactic sequence was elaborated using active methodology on microbiology with emphasis on the energy metabolism of fungi (fermentation). The results showed that students from the Second and Third Stages of EJA at SRE Colatina are predominantly young, have internet access below the expected for the southeast region and are in the job market. These students, considering the period of data collection from September to December 2019, affirm that they are interested in taking the ENEM test and that the didactic material used by them should undergo adaptations, the main suggestion among the proposals being presented being practical classes. Teachers are 5 years old or less at EJA, all trained in biological sciences and also agree that it is appropriate to adapt the material available at school for EJA. The development and use of a practical class kit for a didactic sequence in which students actively participated in the process, proved to be effective for learning since the average of correct answers in the post-class questionnaire was over 85%.