Efeito da ingestão de extrato de Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) associado à linhagens de Bactérias Ácido Láticas, sobre as desordens metabólicas de ratos wistar causadas por superalimentação

Abstract

Abnormal or excessive fatty tissue accumulation increases the risk of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, among others. Dietary interventions and the maintenance of a healthy intestinal microbiome may favor the reduction of excess body adiposity. The present work has investigated the aqueous extratc (EAP) from Pereskia aculeata Miller leaves, an unconventional food plant (UFP). The aim of the study was to evaluate whether EAP’s carbohydrate-rich fraction has potential as a prebiotic and if its use, associated or not with probiotics, can decrease metabolic disorders trigered by obesogenic process. Therefore, lactic acid bacteria (BAL) viability was evaluated, using EAP as a substrate. Bacterial strains safety and effectiveness were tested to proceed with in vivo assay, in a Wistar rats small litter model. Lactobacillus diolivorans 1-Z viability in 24h culture was 10 ± 0.04 log colony-forming units / mL (CFU / mL) and Weissella paramesenteroides WpK-4 was 12.2 ± 0.02 log CFU / mL. In the antagonism assay, BALs inhibited pathogens associated with foodborne infections and were sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and levofloxacin. Assessments of EAP's antioxidant activity, as well as the products generated by BAL fermentation, was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydroxy (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and by phosphomolybdenum and oxide nitric reducing methods. Spectral analyzes in Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-MIR) allowed EAP’s chemical composition and the bacterial metabolism generated products elucidation, likewise EAP’s digestibility after a digestive tract dynamic simulation. EAP’s antioxidant activity was enhanced by BAL fermentation. The obtained carbohydrate was not digested by digestive tract enzymes in vitro. EAP and the bacterial strains chosen for antioxidant activity optimization decreased animal's body weight and visceral fat in vivo, displaying positive effects in glycemia, cholesterol fractions such as low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerides serum levels. Moreover improved glucose intolerance profile, reducing liver transaminases and preventing injuries related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), observed in the obesity-induction model's control group. Dietetic intervention with EAP in association with specific LAB strains exhibited, showing antioxidant activitie that may reduce overweight and related metabolic disorders.