Conservação de primatas do gênero Callithrix (Erxleben, 1777): impacto das mudanças climáticas e das arboviroses

Abstract

Primates are among the animals that will be most affected by climate change. Marmoset of the genus Callithrix, occur in three Brazilian biomes, some species have restricted occurrence and dependence on a set of climatic / environmental variables that only exist in specific areas. This study aimed to discuss the conservation of primates of the Callithrix genus, and the impact of changes and arboviruses. The thesis is formatted in two chapters, which aim to expand and assist the discussion of the theme. The first chapter aimed to use the model of potential distribution to identify how climate change will affect the areas of occupation of these species in the future and to identify areas where there is a need to create conservation units. The species that showed the greatest loss of suitability areas were C. flaviceps and C. kuhlii, followed by C. aurita, C. geoffroyi C. jacchus. The AUC values were between 0.951 and 0.997, with an average of 0.974. In the future scenario, changes in the range and distribution patterns of species of the genus Callithrix will occur, with C. flaviceps and C. kuhlii being the most affected. The species C. penicillata was the one that suffered the least with the loss of areas of suitability, although it is slightly more detached in the future towards the Atlantic Forest. Preservation areas are still few and probably will not be enough to maintain populations of these species in the long term. Chapter two aimed to address arboviruses and climate change through a case study of the yellow fever outbreak that occurred in Juiz de Fora, MG between 2017 and 2018, in which we describe the epizooties, reported to the Epizootics Surveillance System of the NHP in Minas Gerais and Juiz de Fora, between January 2017 and December 2018, and we bring updated data on the numbers of human cases of yellow fever, primate mortality and information on vaccination coverage in the municipality of Juiz de Fora and in Minas Gerais. Juiz de Fora experienced the worst outbreak for yellow fever between 2017/2018 and had the highest number of human cases across the state. The NHP surveillance system allowed a quick response from the health system in Juiz de Fora, avoiding further human deaths and reducing the spread of the disease. The consequences for NHP populations affected by this yellow fever epidemic are not yet known. However, it is known that in the coming years if the predicted climate changes materialize, the risk of yellow fever reurbanization may be even greater, so actions aimed at combating the vector Aedes aegypti must be continuous.