Relação entre carga externa e interna de treinamento de atletas de ginástica artística feminina da categoria infantil

Abstract

The objectives of this study, of a descriptive and quantitative nature, were to characterize the training load of children athletes of women's artistic gymnastics of 11 and 12 years old; describe the TL throughout the preparation for the main championship and verify the correlation between external load and internal training metrics for the group. Seven gymnasts from a club in the state of Rio de Janeiro participated in the study. Three microcycles (M) from the competitive phase and two from the post-competitive phase were monitored. The internal training load was accessed daily using the reported perceived exertion method of the session. The external training load was represented by the number of elements (E) performed in the training sessions recorded by filming and later tabulated those that make up the competitive program. The internal training load showed mean variation and standard deviation from 363 ± 80 AU to 630 ± 152 AU in the 5 microcycles (p < 0.005), with M4 showing significant reductions compared to M1, 267 AU (p = 0.016) and M3, 212 AU (p = 0.030); the average monotony values were above 2 AU in 4 of the 5 microcycles (M4 = 1.57 ± 0.53). The external training load was analyzed in 5 dimensions (floor, balance beam, vault, uneven bars and total volume of elements). Significant reductions were seen in M4 and M3 in the beam (348 E, p = 0.02) and in the jump (47 E, p = 0.03). The total volume of elements showed an average variation and SD of 481 ± 89 to 1200 ± 316 and demonstrated significant reductions in comparison of M4 to M1 (719 E, p = 0.03) and M2 (687 E, p = 0.04). The correlations between external training load and internal training load metrics proved to be significantly positive and of "weak" strength between volume of elements and reported perceived exertion (rho = 0.37, p = 0.030), and of "moderate" strength (rho = 0.458, p = 0.006) between training session time and reported perceived exertion. It was concluded that children athletes from women's artistic gymnastics are exposed to high training loads, with little variability and that the answers to them are made individually, due to the process of acquiring skills of the modality and due to psychophysiological characteristics. The methods used proved to be effective in monitoring training load in women's artistic gymnastics, as long as the factors that may influence the results are observed.