Espaços livres de uso coletivo integrados a edifícios privados: instrumentos legislativos e incorporação aos novos produtos imobiliários

Abstract

The production of urban space involves a multiplicity of subjects that, through their interests and conflicts, cause constant spatial reconfigurations. Beginning in the second half of the twentieth century, the reproduction of a peculiar spatial configuration, on which this study is dedicated, is contacted: the areas free of collective use incorporated into private enterprises. These areas are inserted in the cities in the form of small squares, open to the public, integrated with vertical buildings. For the study of this phenomenon, the research was structured from general to particular, understanding that there are similarities and specificities that involve the creation of these spaces. In the international scenario, its materiality is mainly linked to the action of the State and real estate capital, through public-private partnerships in the neoliberal capitalist context, with the State implementing legislative instruments that stimulate the creation of spaces open to the public through offer of counterpart offered to ventures incorporating them. This strategy was also adopted in a similar way in Brazil, through legislative revisions in metropolises such as São Paulo, Curitiba and Belo Horizonte. However, areas free of collective use, incorporated into private projects, have also been reproducing in medium cities, not as a result of public-private partnerships, but in the midst of new real estate projects with external influences and the association with commercial activities. In order to extrapolate the theoretical scope of the subject, the research also contemplates a case study conducted in the open access area incorporated into the Le Quartier Granbery building, in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, to exemplify these areas, analyzing not only its producing subjects, but the social subjects that use these spaces. The study contemplates a contemporary phenomenon, presenting reflections on new space organizations that reflect the potentiality of common use on private soil and the way in which they materialize and allow people the possibility of exercising their right to the city.