A presença e a abordagem da Sociologia no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio a partir das diretrizes e orientações curriculares oficiais para a disciplina

Abstract

The present dissertation was developed under the Professional Master's Program of the Postgraduate Program in Management and Evaluation of Education (PPGP) of the Center for Public Policies and Education Evaluation of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAEd / UFJF). The studied management case had as its object the inclusion and representivity of Sociology in the Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem), the Brazilian National High School Test, starting from the Law 11.684 from 2008, which formalized this field of study as part of the high school curriculum. This study took into account the relevance acquired by Enem as public policy in Brazilian education, and the intermittent trajectory of sociology as a part of the secondary curriculum. The main purpose was to analyze coverage of Sociology themes in the test between 2009 and 2018, in terms of their adherence to official curricular guidelines, mainly the “Complementary Educational Guidelines to the National Curricular Parameters for High School” (PCN+EM), and to propose an Educational Action Plan (PAE). It is a qualitative research, and its methodology focuses on documental analysis, performed in three stages: a search for sociological themes in the tests, which detected a numerical oscillation in the number of questions and a small amount of distinctively sociological elements; diagnostic analysis by year, which detected thematic approaches verging from a tendency towards isolation, a combination with contextualized applications and dilution; and pedagogical analysis in terms of the PCN+EM, taking into account the exam´s reference matrix (2009), the approach adopted in textbooks and the reflection about the new National Curriculum Common Core (BNCC), with the resulting perception that themes alone are not sufficient to demarcate and encourage representative approaches in the field of Sociology. This study took into considerations other researchers on this theme, such as Fraga and Matiolli (2012; 2014; 2015), Rossi (2017) and Lima (2017), and the concept of framing in Basil Bernstein´s theory. In face of the results, a plan is proposed with articulated actions towards making specialists aware of the importance of the issue and towards training the developers of items and instruments, aiming at refining the test.