Avaliação da condição periodontal e do comportamento relacionado à saúde bucal em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is currently a public health problem and uncontrolled behaves as a risk factor for periodontal disease. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal condition and behavior regarding general and oral health care of non-smokers with type 2 DM treated at UFJF-GV. Materials and methods: After anamnesis and anthropometric data collection, questionnaire Oral Health Impact Profile-short form index (OHIP-14). The full periodontal examination was performed at six sites / tooth throughout the mouth getting media NI 2,8 e PS 2,6. Results: The sample consisted of 20 individuals (11 men), mean age 58,8 years, with family income of 2.47 minimum wages, 47% with incomplete 1st grade education. According to the body mass index, 52,6% were overweight and 31,6% obesity. Regarding self-rated health, 45% considered the general health to be regular, and 40% considered the oral health poor. The average OHIP-14 score for the sample was 17.6, with higher scores denoting greater impacts on quality of life. 65% reported brushing their teeth more than twice a day and had an average of 20.5 teeth. The reason for seeking the last dental appointment was pain (25%), gingival bleeding (20%) or prevention (15%). The evaluation of periodontal condition showed that 10% had gingival health, 10% generalized gingivitis and 80% periodontitis [stages II (25%), III (37.5%) or IV (37.5%)]. Other prevalent symptoms in the oral cavity were xerostomia (60%) and mouth burning (20%). The time of diagnosis of type 2 DM was 8.4 years, and 12 individuals were metabolically controlled (mean fasting glucose 113 mg / dl) and 8 uncontrolled (mean fasting glucose 250.9 mg / dL). In evaluating these subgroups the mean age was significantly lower in the metabolically uncontrolled subgroup (p = 0.03, t-test).Conclusion: It was concluded that type 2 diabetic individuals had a high prevalence and severity of periodontitis, xerostomia, overweight / obesity and self-reported family history of hypertension associated or not with diabetes.