Desenvolvimento de kit didático pedagógico para o ensino de microbiologia em escolas de educação básica

Abstract

Microbiology in Brazil is content included in the basic high school curriculum. However, it is observed that, in most schools, microbiology classes are conducted in a traditional way, a fact that may not favor meaningful learning. The absence of effective teaching-learning strategies makes it extremely abstract for students to study microorganisms, which makes it necessary to develop methods that provide effective teaching of microbiology. The present work aimed to develop a practical activity kit for microbiology classes in high school, seeking to expand the learning of students about the microbiological universe. An experimental research was used, carried out in two educational institutions of the state of Minas Gerais. The study investigates the skills required for meaningful learning of microbiology in schools, presenting as an intervention measure the production of a kit of nine practical classes, selected after a bibliographic search for cataloging records and scripts of practical experiments in microbiology, which can be carried out in the school space with laboratory unavailability. Nine hands-on classes were structured, consisting of simple inputs for classroom use, three of which were chosen for use in theoretical-practical classes for 253 high school adolescents. As a practical result, the optimization of class time was obtained, since the content of the three classes chosen was understood by the students in a reduced time, and there was a greater consolidation of the skills worked, when compared to the traditional approach. During the dynamics students perceived an increase in interest in the content and development of many curiosities that, when they were healed by the teacher, culminated in a great increase of the knowledge acquired. They presented satisfaction in the use of the method, reporting that it is more attractive and dynamic than the traditional one. Thus, as an educational product, there was the promotion of the amplification of the knowledge of high school students about the importance of microorganisms. It was concluded that the method was satisfactory and met the goal of making microbiology teaching more efficient in the training of students and that the kit can be made available to Biology teachers for use in schools without laboratories to be associated with theoretical discussions in their classes.