Avaliação da prevalência de maloclusão e sua relação com a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico e com aspectos psicossociais em estudantes de 12 anos de idade da rede pública da cidade de Juiz de Fora: estudo transversal

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic regulatory treatment for students of 12 years of public schools in the city of Juiz de Fora and verify the relationship of psychosocial factors as socioeconomic status, access to services oral health, children's satisfaction with appearance of teeth and perceived need for orthodontic treatment for the child and the responsibility, beyond gender factor, with malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment rules. A cross-sectional study was conducted whose population consisted of 311 children 12 years of age, enrolled in primary education in public schools in Juiz de Fora. The study sample was performed by conglomerate with proportional draw of the participating schools from public schools in the city. To collect the data, the following instruments were used: the guardians answered a questionnaire on socioeconomic status, less access to health services, and a question about the need for child's orthodontic treatment. Was also carried out an orthodontic clinical examination in the school using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and applied the questionnaire related to the appearance of your teeth (OASIS), the questionnaire Treatment Need Index Orthodontic-component Aesthetic (IOTN-AC) and a question about the child's perception of the need for orthodontic treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and Fisher exact test. There was a high prevalence (61.4%) of malocclusion and need for orthodontic treatment rules for students 12 years of age in the city of Juiz de Fora. The psychosocial aspects as socioeconomic status (p=0.142), access to oral health services (p=0.090) and perceived need for orthodontic treatment for children (p=0.165), and the gender factor (p=0.267), not they were statistically associated with malocclusion and rules need for orthodontic treatment. Already the satisfaction of the child with the appearance of teeth (p=0.002) and the perceived need for orthodontic treatment by the head (p<0.031) were significantly associated with malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment rules. The perceived need for orthodontic treatment, both for the child (94.2%) and by the head (90.7%) was greater than the need for orthodontic treatment rules (61.4%). The indication of the need for orthodontic treatment performed by exclusively normative criteria does not cover the subjective aspects of malocclusion, since it ignores the needs perceived by individuals as the psychosocial implications of dentofacial disorders.