Aprendizagem baseada em projetos e feira de ciências: uma associação motivadora para o aprendizado de Física Moderna

Abstract

This dissertation, whose theme is the Teaching of Physics in High School, promotes a discussion about the study of Modern Physics from the didactic approach of Project Based Learning and the use of the Science Fair as a motivating element and space for the dissemination of students research. For this development, ‟ research. For this development, bibliographical research bibliographical research was carried out in authors who specialize themselves in studies of Physics Teaching and in general in the Education theorists, with analytical emphasis in the studies of William Bender, who outlined a model for the application of the technique of Project-Based Learning, associating it with the use of modern digital technologies in the classroom. In addition to the theoretical studies, a field work was developed in two schools of the Public Education Network in the State of Rio de Janeiro. In school, four Physics projects were applied to high school students and the products were presented in Science Fairs held in the respective schools. The themes of the projects addressed the spectroscopic analysis of the light emitted by different models of lamps and LED screens and the evaluation of the influence of the glasses and films in the natural illumination. The projects used a handmade production spectrometer that works connected to a notebook running a digital program available on the Internet at the Spectral Workbench website, which enables the sending and measurement of spectra. They also used a portable spectroscope coupled to a cell phone and applications for this device, such as the Luximeter and Spectral UPB. The body of the work was organized in four chapters, plus the introduction and final considerations. The first chapter consists of the introduction, where a brief history of the author is made, including his motivation, justification, goals and a brief explanation of the other chapters. The second chapter discusses the Teaching of Physics and the theoretical reference, with contents of Modern Physics and two didactic techniques: Project- Based Learning and the Science Fair. The third chapter is the result of the field research and presents the projects worked with the students. The fourth chapter established a relation between the worked contents and the official documents that establish guidelines for the teaching of the discipline. It also presented a summary of the work done in the classroom in the 4th two-month period and some results obtained in tests as well. It was possible to conclude from the study that it is possible to favor students' learning from a didactic approach that works with projects that start with significant questions for the students. The application of this work was presented in the Shell Award of Scientific Education 2018 and got the 1st place in the High School category.