O alcance das coberturas vacinais nas unidades de saúde da família: a ótica da equipe de enfermagem

Abstract

The vaccination is a measure of low complexity and of great impact on the health of the population and its impacts are notorious in Brazil since the institution of the National Immunization Program (in Portuguese PNI – Programa Nacional de Imunização) which has always presented increasing rates of vaccine coverage, essential to its success. However, in the last years the vaccine coverings has been presenting falls, accompanied by the occurrence of immune-preventable diseases previously controlled. This study aims to analyse the scope of vaccination coverage from perspective of the nursing team of Family Health Program. This is a qualitative research of the descriptive type with analysis of the data in the light of the methodological reference of the hermeneutic-dialectic. Two categories emerged the working of the nursing team for reaching vaccine coverage and the reaching vaccine coverage beyond nursing. The results showed that the professionals use the bases of the immunization program to construct their practices, applying their subjectivity and creating new strategies that contribute to the reach of vaccination coverage, as well as making use of the development of other functions in the Family Health Program to spread the importance of vaccination. It has been found that factors such as the work process of community health agents, the context and behaviour of individuals and families, communication and intersectoriality may interfere with the coverage of vaccination coverage. The study indicates that, although vaccination coverage is left to the nursing team, this assignment cannot be exclusive to these professionals, and other health professionals should also be involved, as well as the various sectors of society, communication channels and social and the politicians for the achievement of satisfactory results. Our study also points out that vaccination is an act that is interfered with in several aspects that cannot be thought only in the procedural aspect and that the presence of health services and authorities is a determinant of the reach of vaccine coverage that will not succeed if they work in isolation.