Empreendedorismo, educação e sociabilidade: a radicalização do indivíduo como sócio majoritário de si

Abstract

The present research aims at the advancement of entrepreneurship in education through public policy of the federal government through Pronatec Empreendedor, a sub-action of the National Program of Access to Technical Education and Employment (PRONATEC) and was signed between the Brazilian Service Support to Micro and Small Enterprises (SEBRAE) and the Ministry of Education (MEC). For the present study our central question is: What is the ideological, political and pedagogical perspective of entrepreneurship and education and what is the repercussion of this ideology in Pronatec Empreendedor for the formation of the worker in the 21st century? The present research has as its approach historical-dialectical materialism understood as a method that has the critical concern of unveiling reality beyond the conflicts of interpretations, unraveling the conflict of interests. The categories of method that were used were Totality, Contradiction, Mediation and Praxis. The specific categories of analysis were Human Being, Work, "Work and Education" and Sociability. From the documentary research, the Pronatec Entrepreneur materials, aimed at teachers and students, were investigated in the "Sensitization" and "Empowerment" phases. From the aforementioned categorical framework, it was possible to identify that the pedagogical foundations present in the materials are based on two theories. The first one refers to the model of competences, proposed by UNESCO, from the Jacques Delors Report (1993), where the four pillars of education are observed: learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together and learning to be; plus the fifth pillar (by PREALC, in 2002) of "learning to undertake". The second is in the Entrepreneurial Pedagogy, proposed by Dolabela. It should be noted that this author is also based on the four pillars of education. However, in the specific context, he makes use of the perspective of radical constructivism referenced in Maturana, for whom the emotional contribution becomes the great bias of the formation of individuals, making up the bio-psycho-emotional triad. It is not by chance that this can be observed in the various activities and dynamics present in the materials of "Sensitization" and "Empowerment", which seek to work a content with an emphasis on the emotional sphere of individuals and aimed at entrepreneurship. With this, it can be deduced that in all materials an ideopolitical conception of the consolidation of capitalist sociability based on individual responsibility with risk assumption is observed, elements in keeping with the perspective of the individual expressed by the counterreformation of the Brazilian State, through the discourse of Terceira Via. In this sense, the development of entrepreneurial skills was not restricted only to the economic sphere, but to a life project focused on a way of being. It should be noted that the discourse of entrepreneurship present in Pronatec Empreendedor's formation policies represent an intellectual and moral reform, in search of a new sociability required by the recent changes in capitalism that require a new type of subject suited to the demands of society with increasing losses of labor rights, where people needed to seek opportunities and no more employment. The tonic in the meantime represents, among others, in the assumption of risks as something to be assumed radically and individually, making the individual a majority partner of himself.