Odontologia do esporte e a prevalência de lesões maxilofaciais: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Sports dentistry aims to provide athletes with maintaining oral health in order to maintain or improve their physical performance. In addition to providing dental treatment with fast and effective resolution to the conditions of maxillofacial traumas that frequently affect them. The objective was to seek information in the literature about the prevalence of maxillofacial injuries in athletes in various sports modalities and to know the specialty of Sports Dentistry. A descriptive analytical study was made through the search of articles in Pubmed, Scielo and Google academic databases. The search was conducted in the English and Portuguese languages and as inclusion criteria were considered articles referring to the period from 2009 to 2019. Articles that did not address the theme, those that did not present available full text or those that were repeated were excluded. In total we obtained 47 articles. It was concluded that the prevalence of maxillofacial lesions is higher in male athletes aged between 21 and 30 years (± 40.5%), with a strong tendency to affect the age range from 10 to 19 years. There was no consensus regarding the most affected site of the bones of the face, the most prevalent were mandible (± 43.6%), zygomatic complex (± 39.9%) and nasal region (± 35.4%) and fractures alveolodentals (± 23%). In addition, the main variables that altered this prevalence were climatic factors, since the summer and the beginning of spring corresponded as the seasons in which the largest lesion records occurred, and the regional factors, since the more common the sports practice in the country, the highest injury rates.