Os programas de residência e a integralidade da atenção: um estudo sobre a micropolítica do trabalho e da formação em saúde

Abstract

Throughout the development of the Unified Health System (SUS), the debate on health professional training from the comprehensive care perspective has focused attention on the need for changes in the traditional modes of education and practice in health care, characterized by biomedicine. One noteworthy attempt to transform this situation is the Policy of Continuing Education in Health Care, which aims to incorporate teaching into the services' daily routine, in order to involve their workers as micropolicy agents in professional health care training. In this context, Residency Programs play a strategic role, since their methodological nature focuses on teaching through work, utilizing the concept of continuing education. From this assumption, the present study aimed to investigate the possibilities and challenges of effecting comprehensive care in the work carried out by residents serving in the Medical Specialty and Multidisciplinary Residency Programs of the University Hospital health care network (outpatient and inpatient), Federal University of Juiz de Fora (HU/UFJF), to contribute to the essential inquiry about professional training and its socio-political implications. This is qualitative research using the Case Study method and the technique of direct observation and semi-structured interviews with the residents. The data analysis strategy was to use, as its modality, the categories: 1) Residency as a training mode; 2) The training process of the residents from the perspective of comprehensiveness; 3) The work process in health care and the comprehensiveness of care: obstacles, possibilities, and challenges; 4) Medical Residency: training geared toward assimilating the meaning of comprehensiveness. The results of the study clearly demonstrated the difficulties in organizing and structuring the Residency Programs, which can be explained mainly by the lack of any pedagogical basis on continuing education in relation to the teaching process. This finding, in particular, shows plainly that the Health Residency programs at the HU/UFJF, even though they may include some significant advancement experiences, remain far from the professional training ideal for the SUS, considering comprehensive care.