Condições de trabalho e atuação docente: a realidade dos professores de Educação Física de Boa Vista - RR

Abstract

It is known that the teaching work in Brazil faces several problems related to the low value of the profession. This is reflected in the quality of public education offered in the country, according to studies by Bernadette Gatti, Márcia Jacomini and Marieta Penna. Within this context is the Physical Education teacher, who, in addition to the problems faced by teachers in general, still experiences the specific problems of the area, which, according to authors such as Nestor Bertini Júnior and Elvira Tassoni, are the difficulties in the provision of spaces and appropriate materials for the classes and a view by other members of the school community, that their discipline is at a lower level than the others offered by the school. Therefore, this study is based on the following guiding question: what are the working conditions of the Physical Education teachers of the Boa Vista - Roraima municipal education system, and what are the possible relations between these conditions and the ways in which these professionals work? In order to seek to answer it, it was aimed to know and evaluate in an extended way the working conditions of the Physical Education teachers of the city of Boa Vista - RR, as well as to verify aspects related to their professional performance, also seeking to identify possible relations between the conditions and teaching practice. The methodological way for the development of the research is based on the principles presented by Roy Bhaskar's Critical Realism. It is a current of philosophy that, through the search for an at the same time more extended and deeper vision of reality, has the potential to assist in investigations in the field of social sciences and education. This branch of philosophy of science argues that reality exists independently of its concept of it, and to reach the mechanisms that generate this reality it is necessary to observe it from several angles. Based on this reference, and also from the survey of studies carried out on the same theme of this work, we chose to guide the research from the definition of three dimensions, being the dimension of the "General conditions of work", that of "Professional performance" and the "Relations between working conditions and professional performance". This enabled the collection of information on the various aspects that make up the broader theme of teaching work conditions. As for the participants of the research, these were constituted by teachers of Physical Education of the municipal network of education of Boa Vista - RR. From a total of 94 teachers that fit this characteristic, we were able to apply the questionnaire with 52, which were the ones who returned our contact stating that they accept voluntary participation in the study. The data were analyzed through content analysis, according to Laurence Bardin's guidelines, and organized and presented with the help of the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) program. In general, the results indicated that i) in the dimension of working conditions, aspects such as available materials and conditions for class planning were evaluated positively by the majority, and factors such as physical spaces, remuneration and the amount of work bonds presented negative evaluations by the majority of the participants; ii) in the professional dimension, the professors, for the most part, stated that they perform their work in the best possible way, in their totality they plan the classes and cultivate a productive relationship with other professionals of the school in order to collaborate for the development of their activities; iii) regarding the relationship between working conditions and professional performance, the factors that generated negative influence in the development of work were, for the most part, the number of employment ties and the low remuneration; iv) by crossing the data, we identified that dissatisfaction with salaries was the main factor related to the search for other work links, which also proved to be a factor that interferes negatively in the teaching performance, in the opinion of the participants, with the low motivation to continue training and in some cases with the desire to leave the teaching career; v) finally, the question of physical spaces was related to the stimulus for the development of work, and when these spaces were adequate, they motivated the development of activities, and when they were not (in the teachers' opinions) they influenced negative way in the teaching performance.