Identidade e ceticismo em Hegel: a filosofia de Jena em face das objeções céticas

Abstract

This dissertation aims to investigate the theoretical points that marked the development, as well as the unfolding of the issue of skepticism in the philosophical productions of Hegel in Jena. We assumed a historical-genetic posture to trace the intensification of two purely philosophical perspectives that crossed in the course of Hegelian development, identified in this dissertation under the name of Identity and Skepticism. This historical perspective allowed us, first, to appreciate the Kantian root of both movements and, later, the theoretical effects that that dispute had on the construction of the Hegelian enterprise, with the most readily finished result in the Phenomenology of Spirit (1807). The most prominent result that such a perspective prompted in our work was the possibility of investigating a philosophical dispute hitherto almost unknown to the scientific community. This concerns the indirect debate between the followers of the Philosophy of the Identity of Jena, embodied in the figures of Schelling and Hegel, and Gottlob Ernst Schulze, who in that scenario had already gained notoriety through the debate with Reinhold. According to our thesis, the understanding of this dispute produces a new perspective on the declared rupture between Schelling and Hegel, as well as on the motivations that stimulated writing and undertaking the central philosophical elements present in the Phenomenology of Spirit.