Cobertura e fatores associados à realização do exame preventivo do câncer do colo do útero

Abstract

The cervical cancer is still a problem for the public health all over the world, mainly for the underdeveloped countries. However, it is a desease that has a long evolution period and can be detected and prevented with Papanicolaou test. Because of that, this kind of cancer, among all others, has the greatest chances of prevention and cure. This study aims at evaluating the coverage of Papanicolaou test and the factors linked to its realization, on women of the coverage area of a UAPS in Juiz de Fora. Other goal of this project was to reinforce the collection of women, contributing to increasing the coverage of that area. A transversal study was done from September 2010 to March 2012. All women, between 20 to 59 years old, residents of the chosen area, were recruited at their houses by the community health workers. Through a questionnaire, applied by trained researchers, we collected the data of 1301 women, who appeared at the UBS after recruited. Results show that there is a coverage of 78% by Papanicolaou test, mainly as a SUS service (76%). This study has sought to identify the mainly difficulties for the non-realization of Papanicolaou, among women that have never done the test (4,7%) and women that were not in time with the test (17%). From the 280 women who answered the questions, 36% thought that the test was not necessary, 25% said that they have had difficulties in the health service for making an appointment, less than 10% was afraid, uncomfortable or ashamed to make it, 6,7% have had no time, and carelessness, laziness and discouragement was the cause for 4,2%. In this work, the factors linked to the non-realization of the cervical cancer test, referred in many studies, were not identified, pointing out to an equity in the access to the test of oncotic cytology, among the studied area. This fact can be attributed to the performance of UAPS, that has had as health care model the Family Health Strategy for 10 years.