Transformações recentes da indústria farmacêutica: um exame da experiência mundial e brasileira no século XXI

Abstract

This article discusses the characteristics and trends of the global and Brazilian pharmaceutical industry in the 21st century, its transformations and industry trends, and its actors. Qualitative research and the technique of document analysis allowed us to check that in early 20th century, the global pharmaceutical industry was characterized by homogeneous structure and reduced supply of products. After the Second World War, there was strengthening of the production of medicines based on chemical synthesis and diversification of supply and demand for drugs. The pharmaceutical market has shifted from broader competition for one of oligopolistic character. In the 1990s, these industries' portfolio expanded to areas of animal health, hygiene / personal care and nutrition / dietetics. In the 2000s, the global pharmaceutical industry intensified this process, and due to the expiration of patents on medicines, focused on the generic segment, acquiring companies in emerging markets. The Brazilian pharmaceutical industry followed the lines of the global pharmaceutical industry and started to invest in the production of generic medicines, herbal and advancement of biotechnology, with public financial support of the BNDES. This context continues to demand advances in health innovation, and demands of the health regulation to face the challenges arising from this great transformation. It is worth mentioning the challenges relating to costs of drugs and their strong impact on health systems, particularly those of more inclusive character.