Vespas em ninhos armadilha e nidificação de meliponíneos em um fragmento urbano de Mata Atlântica

Abstract

Environmental changes by human action may favor some species and compromising the existence of other. The effects of the anthropogenic impact can be monitored through solitary wasps that made nests in trap nesting and stingless bees. Thus, the objective was to compare the composition of these communities in areas of greater (A1) and lesser (A2) anthropogenic interference, in an urban fragment of the Atlantic Forest. To investigate the composition wasps were installed and monitored during one year, trap nesting made of bamboo and cardboard, with varying diameters in a representative transect in both areas. In order to compare this locations as the resident species of stingless bees, were made searches for nests along existing trails in the wooded areas of the Jardim Botânico de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, representing the A1 area, and surrounding the old buildings, representing the A2 area. In relation to wasps, three of the four species collected are adapted to changing environments, and therefore, a greater richness (n = 3) and abundance (n = 21) in this area, with one species exclusive of this location (Pachidynerus sp). The Trypoxylon gender was the most representative, with 74.07% of their nests belonged to area with greater human interference. The bamboo canes were frequently used (64.28%) and sampled all kinds of wasps in this study. The abundance of nests in each month was positively correlated with mean temperature (rs = 0.44; p = 0.007), but just only have correlation with rainfall in December and January. The similarity between the species composition of wasps and bees in the areas A1 and A2 was moderate (Cs = 0.66; Cs = 0.61), respectively; but plenty of them was similar (t = 1.96 / p = 0.097). Regarding the stingless bees, the area most affected by human activity, had not only a higher density of nests (80%) and richness of species (n = 8) the A2 area (n=5), but also in relation to other studies in areas modified. The high density of nests in this location was due to 56.67% belong to Nannotrigona testaceicornis and Tetragonisca angustula, species broadly found in urbanized areas. The low richness and abundance of nests in the area A2, was, in part, because this area is at an early succession stage. The establishment of Hymenoptera sampled in this study in an area of greater human interference, was only possible because the supply of natural resources is sufficient for the survival of the species.