Caracterização da carga de treinamento no voleibol de alto rendimento

Abstract

The quantification and distribution of adequate training loads, plus analysis of stress markers and performance involved in the training process, are fundamental to occur specific psychophysiological adaptations and increased athletes´ performance. Thus, the dissertation had the following aims 1) to analyze the behavior of biochemical, psychological and performance variables at four times the preparatory period training, 2) analyze the load profile of different periods, weeks and positions in men's volleyball high performance, and 3) analyze the influence of the vertical jump in the perception of training load in volleyball high performance. In purposes 1 and 2 had the same sample consisting of 16 male athletes (26.9 ± 4.6 years, 94.9 ± 11.6 kg, 194.6 ± 8 cm and 14.3 ± 4.8 % fat) belonging to volleyball team UFJF; in purpose 3 had athletes from another season of training consisted of 15 male athletes (27.7 ± 4.4, 95.2 ± 4.9 kg, 196.1 ± 4.2 cm and 11.6 ± 3.7 % fat) belonging to the same UFJF team. Statistically significant difference was observed in 4 of the time points analyzed preseason training composed of 7 weeks for total weekly training load (TWTL) and creatine kinase (CK), no significant changes in the vertical jump test, testosterone (T), cortisol (C), the T/C. The analysis of the state of stress and recovery of athletes by RESTQ -76 Sport, showed a significant difference in only two scales of the questionnaire, Welfare and Injury. The greater daily training load (TL) was observed in the preparatory period for competitive period I and II; and in the analysis of TL weeks without playing, with one game and two game, significant differences were found, TL of the week with no game featuring higher value compared with the weeks games; and relative positions in expertise were observed significant differences of Pointers regarding other positions except the Setters. Finally, it was observed that the setters had the highest number of total vertical jumps (119.2 ± 48.5 jumps) with a significant difference from the other positions, and there was no significant difference between the positions in relation to attack jump (opposite, outside hitter and middle blocker) respectively 34,6 ± 16.9; 31.3 ± 15.6; 31.7 ± 19.0 jumps) . Regarding the correlations between RPE athletes and the number of vertical jumps, correlations between RPE and jump attack (r = 0.44) were found to opposite, and (r = 0.34) for pointers, and positive correlation between RPE and attack jumps the tactical training (r = 0.36). It is concluded that creatine kinase was sensitive to changes in training loads, while testosterone, cortisol, vertical jump test and RESTQ-76 Sport showed no sensitivity to reflect the stress imposed on the body of athletes subjected to the process training. Higher training loads were presented at the preparatory period and the week without game for weeks one and two games, in addition pointers showed higher loads of daily training in relation to other positions of action. The vertical jump showed influence of low to moderate magnitude in the internal load presented by the volleyball players through the RPE, with other variables may have contribution in the amount of RPE reported by volleyball players.