Um olhar sobre a criminalização feminina e sua reprodução no tempo

Abstract

The present work proposes an analysis regarding the process of female criminalization over time, with emphasis on models of male domination intensified in Western societies from the XIII century, adopting as main theoretical reference the works "Sin and Fear: The Emergence of the Western Guilt Culture, 13Th-18th Centuries", from Delumeau (1989) and “The Criminal Question” from Zaffaroni (2013) demonstrating that the inferiority of women is inherent in punitive discourses, which, in turn, are aimed at maintaining the hierarchical structures of power, markedly machismo and patriarchalism. Given the historical panorama, a relationship was made between the processes of settlement of women and the vertiginous increase of female incarceration in Brazil in the last decades, which was mainly due to crimes related to narcotic trade. Therefore, criminal policies as well as the legislative dispositions currently aimed at combating crimes of this nature were analyzed under the perspective of criminal policies. In addition, the structural deficiencies of the Brazilian penitentiaries have been exposed, which are notably not prepared to receive the women and to meet their needs, since they were made by and for men. Afterwards, the profile of women incarcerated in Brazil was drawn, demonstrating that the most socially stigmatized groups are also the most vulnerable to the selective application of criminal law. Finally, the present researcher, using the method of participant observation, was inserted in the project of academic extension "Women, despite the jail", promoted by the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, to better understand the reality of women prisoners in the region of Juiz de Fora, and the most relevant aspects of the existential conditions of women deprived of their freedom in Professor Ariosvaldo Campos Pires Penitentiary, located in the city of Juiz de Fora/MG.