A formação dos formadores do programa institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID)

Abstract

This research aimed to identify and analyze the relationship between the formative trajectory and the conceptions of the formation of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry teachers participating in the Institutional Program of the Initiation to Teaching Grant (PIBID) in a municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro. In this educational policy focused on teacher education - PIBID - licenciandos carry out pedagogical activities in public primary schools, being known scholarship recipients for teaching. Accompanying this action is a professor of the degree course, called an area coordinator, and a teacher of the school where the licenciando acts, called supervisor. Everyone involved in the program receives a scholarship grant. The teachers participating in the teaching initiation of the licensees involved in the program are recognized in this study as training teachers. The research is focused on the training of trainers, understanding that this training will focus on the preparation of new teachers. We set specific objectives as follows: 1) to map the training of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry teachers participating in PIBID in institutions of a municipality in the State of Rio de Janeiro; 2) to identify how the training process is developed within the PIBID, through the practices reported in this context; and 3) analyze the potential and limits of PIBID in relation to the continuing training of the training teachers participating in the program. We raise the following research question: what are the effects of participation in the PIBID for the continued formation of trainers, according to the vision of these professionals? In order to reach the proposed objectives and answer the research question, we support the philosophical approach of Critical Realism, established as guiding guideline of this study, since it allows a more in-depth understanding of the object of investigation, unfolding in a methodological perspective. We carried out two bibliographical surveys of the scientific productions on PIBID and an interview with Professor Hélder Eterno da Silveira, former Manager of the program. The target audience of the research is the professors of the Licenciatura, the school of basic education and licenciandos of the Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry areas participating in PIBID in educational institutions of a municipality of the State of Rio de Janeiro. A questionnaire was applied to all members of the program in the delimited areas - 72 participants. The data were analyzed through the Content Analysis - L. Bardin - and presented with the help of the SPSS program (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The results indicate that i) the PIBID is very well evaluated by the participants; ii) the formators of the study experienced a model of initial formation inspired, mainly, in the model of technical rationality; iii) the conception of teaching that the trainers convey presents traces of technical rationality, but indications of practical rationality and critical rationality were also found; iv) the nature of the relationship established between the trainers shows signs of verticality; v) the structure made available for the development of the program in schools presents difficulties, which points to the precariousness of working conditions in public schools, indicating the relevance of the scholarship to the participants; vi) the lack of teachers in the exact area is a difficult problem to be faced; vii) almost all training teachers state that the program is an important means of continuing training. Despite the initial training more focused on the influence of technical rationality, the trainers participate in a program whose formative intentionality is established through the interaction between training institution and school. This interaction has accentuated its potential for the re-signification of the conception of formation, understanding the educational phenomenon in its complexity and multidimensionality.