Prevalência de periodontite crônica em pacientes renais crônicos tabagistas

Abstract

Background: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a infectious and inflammatory disease, which is more severe in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aim: evaluate prevalence of CP in smokers with CKD in pre-dialysis stages. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a secondary health care service, between 2014 and 2016. Ninety-four individuals were selected for the study and divided into two groups: group 1, composed of smokers with CKD and group 2, composed of non-smokers with CKD. The diagnosis and establishment of CKD followed the criteria proposed by the National Kidney Foundation (K / DOQI, 2002). The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from serum creatinine, using a CKD-EPI equation. CP was classified as according to EKE PI et al. (2012) and cigarette smoking evaluated by the number of cigarettes / day, time of addiction and evaluation of the dependence by the Fagerstrom Test Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Results: The two groups were paired by demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics. The mean number of teeth were similar between groups and probing death (PPD) was elevated in group 1 with 2.28 ± 0.52 mm compared to group 2 with 1.89 ± 0.47 mm (p = 0.001). CP was prevalent in group 1 with 41 patients (87%) when compared to group 2 with 33 patients affected by the disease (70%). Smoking appears to increase the prevalence of CP in chronic renal disease.