O indicador de desenvolvimento das escolas estaduais e a correção pelo fator socioeconômico: a experiência do Espírito Santo

Abstract

This dissertation is developed in the scope of the Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP), of the Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). The management case studied will discuss the experience of correction by indicators external to the school, especially by socioeconomic status of students, in the composition of the quality indicator of the state schools of Espírito Santo, used by SEDU (State Secretariat of Education) due to a policy of bonus by performance. Therefore, we set as objectives for this study: describe the performance indicators of schools; identify a possible correlation between academic performance and socioeconomic status; and propose alterations that would allow greater equity in the design of the indicator. We assume the hypothesis that the correction by factors external to the school, despite being a positive influence to the quality indicators of the low socioeconomic level schools, may not be enough to allow the comparability between schools of similar socioeconomic levels, since, in schools of Grande Vitória (Vitória‟s metropolitan area), the effect of the external factors seems to be greater than in the state‟s countryside. The discussion was held from theoretical references in two axes of analysis: the correlation between socioeconomic status and performance of the student (BROOKE, 2013, SOARES, 2004; SOARES e ANDRADE, 2006; SOARES E ALVES, 2013) and the accountability policies based on evaluations (BONAMINO E SOUZA, 2012; PASSONE, 2014; BROOKE, 2006; 2011; 2013; FERREIRA, 2014; E TAVARES E PONCZEK, 2013). Through literature review of the results of performance, socioeconomic level and quality indicator of the state schools, was identified a strong correlation between the socioeconomic status of the student and academic performance only in Grande Vitória. In state‟s countryside, the correlation found doesn‟t seem to be strong. Moreover, in Grande Vitória‟s schools, there is a strong inverse correlation between external factors and those quality indicators used by SEDU, despite the relevance of this correction in the improvement of the indicators. From semi structured interviews with the Undersecretary of Management and Finances and a director from the Union of Workers in Education of Espírito Santo, were identified possibilities to explain the correlations found. Facing the research findings, the alteration of the indicator is suggested, with the addition of a variable for calculating and defining priority schools, on the suburbs of Grande Vitoria.