Desenvolvimento de biomateriais a partir de tecido muscular esquelético de ratos Wistar para aplicações em bioengenharia tecidual

Abstract

Injuries in skeletal muscle can occur genetic disorders or trauma. In less extensive injuries in which blood vessels or connective tissue are not affected muscle can regenerate without medical intervention. However, injuries involving major portions of the tissue regeneration can be complete without intervention. Thus, tissue engineering is an alternative to the complete tissue regeneration. Among the biomaterials used in muscle regeneration, the decellularized extracellular matrices appear as the most used biomaterials classes. However until now it has not developed a methodology of skeletal tissue decellularization that preserves the tissue architecture and chemical composition with an appropriate rate of removal of cells. Thus, the present study aims to produce a biomaterial composed of the extracellular matrix decellularized skeletal muscle of Wistar rats. To this end, the skeletal muscle of male Wistar rats were extracted and subjected to repeated washings with sterile saline. Subsequently, the muscles were frozen and sliced, and then washed again with saline and subjected to irradiation with UV light for 20 min on each face of the material. After irradiation, the tissue was then digested in a 0.05% trypsin solution containing 0.2% EDTA pH 7.6 for 2h at 37 ° C. Then the tissue baths experienced under refrigeration, in 1% SDS solution (w / v) for 4 to 5 days with daily exchanges of solution. Finally the material was subjected to a bath in distilled water for two days thus finishing the decellularization. After the procedure was obtained a biomaterial with a translucent appearance and a DNA concentration of 0.005 ± 0.002 ng per mg of DNA while the control had not decellularized a concentration of 0.800 ± 0.107 ng DNA per mg of tissue. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy analysis confirmed the absence of nuclear facilities and the maintenance of tissue architecture after decellularization. This methodology represents an advance in decellularization protocols because it was obtained a level of decellularization 10 times lower than that recommended in the literature as ideal addition allow much higher level of decellularization keeping the three-dimensional structure of the tissue compared to similar works