Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e perfil nutricional de portadores de derivação intestinal – colostomia e ileostomia

Abstract

The stomized person is one who, due to a surgical procedure with externalization of the system (digestive, respiratory and urinary), has a stoma. The stoma originates from the Greek word stoma, which means opening of surgical origin, when there is a need to temporarily or permanently divert the normal transit of food and / or eliminations. The loss of stool elimination control is an emotional impact factor for the stoma patient, as it alters the body schema, self-image and self-esteem that lead to loss of quality of life. Patients with intestinal stomas are poorly studied in the area of Nutrition and have a great tendency to develop nutritional losses and to decrease the quality of life. This work describes the health - related quality of life and nutritional profile of stomized patients (colostomized and ileostomized patients) attended by the Service of Health Care of the Ostomized Person, in Juiz de Fora - MG. The validated Quality of Life Questionnaire related to the health of people with Stoma StomaQuality of Life for the Portuguese language (Brazilian variant). It evaluated the quality of life related to health, as well as sociodemographic, clinical and alimentary habits. It determined nutritional status through anthropometric and dietary data. We also assessed which foods were avoided by patients with stoma and the reasons. The validation questionnaire and another one with sociodemographic, clinical and eating habits characteristics were applied in a sample of 111 patients with intestinal stoma. To compare the nutritional status of colostomized and ileostomized and also which foods were avoided and the reasons was done a cross-sectional study with 103 patients. The validation of Stoma-Quality of Life demonstrated an internal consistency estimated by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87, demonstrating a high degree of reliability. Convergent validation of Stoma-QoL was performed comparing with the SF-12 – Short-Form Health Survey. A moderate and significant association was found among the questionnaires. Anthropometric measures and body composition did not differ between groups, as did dietary intake, except for fat and niacin. Patients with ileostomy had lower intakes of fat and niacin. More ileostomized (20%) avoid food due to the threat of pouch detachment compared to colostomy (4.8%). Ilestostomized and colostomized diets make dietary restrictions for a variety of reasons. This study confirms that Stoma-Quality of Life is a valid research tool for patients with colostomy and ileostomy. Maintaining adequate nutrition and management of stoma production are the two main challenges in the nutritional care of pacemakers with stoma, which if well conducted can contribute to the improvement of quality of life.