Análise dos fluxos de pacientes médios e grandes queimados na rede de assistência hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde de Minas Gerais

Abstract

Burns are lesions with high incidence in the general population, great variation in their severity, with a high prevalence of long-term or permanent functional sequelae, as well as psychological and social sequelae. It is estimated that approximately 1,000,000 burn injuries occur annually in Brazil. In 2006, the Ministry of Health registered 33,684 hospitalizations of patients burned in Brazil. The guidelines of the Brazilian Medical Association, Federal Council of Medicine and Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery are that medium and large burned patients should be referred to specialized burn treatment centers (CTQ). In 2000, the Ministry of Health determined the organization of state burned assistance networks. In Minas Gerais, the Regional Plan for Regionalization of 2011 recommends that high-complexity assistance be provided by macro-regional networks and divide the state into 13 macro-regions. In geography, networks are interconnection structures, made up of two types of elements: points (or nodes) and the links between them. The configuration of the connections reveals the structure of the network. The objective of this study was to evaluate the operation of the network of attention to the medium and large burnings of Minas Gerais from the perspective of the mapping of care flow. The hospitalization permits of the State of Minas Gerais were studied from January 2013 to December 2015 with a procedure code for Treatment of Large Burns and Treatment of Medium Burns. Flow mapping was carried out with determination of the dominant flows and classification of the flows, identifying the networks of attention to the burned. The more hospitalizations place of residence was in the macro-region Center, with 1,070 cases. The hospitalization rate was higher in the northern macro-region with 33.24 cases / 100.000hab. The largest number of hospitalization occurred in the macro-region center with 1,470 hospitalizations, 400 hospitalizations over the number of its residents hospitalized. In ten macro-regions, the total number of hospitalizations was lower than the total number of hospitalized residents. The lowest mortality, in studied hospitalizations, was in North Macro-region to 1.7% and most deaths in the Western was 16% of deaths. After the mapping and classification of the flows were identified the assistance networks that were designed in the period. The network with the highest number of hospitalizations was subordinated to the city of Belo Horizonte (1381 admissions) in the macro-region center with branches in ten of the thirteen macro-regions of the state. In second place comes the network subordinated to the city of Montes Claros (484 hospitalizations) in the northern macro-region. The study shows a great importance in the city of Belo Horizonte in the care network to burned in the state which can represent an unwelcome burden. The assistance network of the North Macro-region is the best example of a macro-regional network according to the current regionalization guidelines of SUS. The study points to the need for investments to create reference centers (CTQs) with equitable distribution in the state of Minas Gerais.