Sobrevida de 10 anos e fatores prognósticos em coorte hospitalar de pacientes com câncer de mama assistidas em Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract

Breast cancer is a major public health problem in many parts of the world, since it has high incidence is considered one of the leading causes of cancer death among women in many countries. This study aimed to evaluate the survival of 10 years and prognostic factors in women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2000 and 2001, assisted at a referral center for cancer care in the Southeast region of the country. Recruitment of cases was made from the search in the Hospital Cancer Registry of the health service included in the study. The follow-up of cases was achieved by returning to the medical records, supplemented by searching the database of the Mortality Information System (MIS) and telephone contact. The main variables analyzed were: type of service, age at diagnosis, race, tumor size, lymph node involvement, staging, tumor markers, hormone therapy and radiotherapy, among others. Survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The model of Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate prognostic factors.The results of this study indicate that the ten-year survival was 61.2% (95% CI= 55.0 to 66.8). The most important prognostic factors that were associated with worse survival, independently, were: presence of lymph node metastasis (HR = 2.64, 95% CI= 1.73 to 4.02), larger than two centimeters (HR = 1 tumors , 88, 95% CI= 1.15 to 3.09) and no use of hormone therapy (HR = 1.53, 95% CI= 1.01 to 2.30). In multivariate analysis stratified by type of health service, the presence of lymph node metastasis (HR = 2.36, 95% CI= 1.42 to 3.90), tumors larger than two centimeters (HR = 1.76, 95% CI= 0.95 to 3.25) and use of radiotherapy (HR = 0.67, 95% CI= 0.42 to 1.09) were the main prognostic factors for poor survival among patients attended by the public service. As for the private service, more advanced staging and absence of tumor markers were associated with the best prognosis (HR = 2.82, 95% CI= 1.24 to 6.42). In Brazil, there are few publications about survival analysis in patients with breast cancer followed up for ten years. This work was important to provide information on the outcome of long-term oncology referral center assessed and to characterize the profile of patients diagnosed with breast cancer in the city and surrounding regions. The results of this study reinforce the importance of early diagnosis through screening by clinical breast examination and mammography, and availability of immunohistochemical examination for all patients, regardless of the nature of the service, to guide the therapeutic approach. This information is extremely useful for health managers adopt measures aimed at the prevention and control of disease, as well as evaluations of the quality of care delivery and accessibility to health care, as well as providing reviews of diagnostic and therapeutic advances employed by the center cancer care.