Estudo clínico e soroepidemiológico da Leishmaniose visceral canina em Juiz de Fora, MG

Abstract

In Brazil, the visceral leishmaniasis (LV), also known as calazar, is a zoonotic disease, with vector transmission caused by the Leishmania chagasi protozoan. This disease, before described as rural is going through a process of urbanization. In 2008, were diagnosed in Juiz de Fora municipality, the first cases considered autochthones of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and research about urban epidemic of LV has showed that the CVL is preceding the human infection, since that the dogs are the main domestic reservoirs. Then, the present study aimed to investigate the CVL infection in Juiz de Fora, as well as to value the risk factors associated to the disease. This work was done with the animals of the public kennel and ONGs and with the serum were realized three serological techniques: the immunochomatographic “TR DPP® and ELISA (EIE-leishmaniose visceral canine®), both given by FIOCRUZ/BIO-MANGUINHOS and ELISA in house. The samples totalized 781 animals and the prevalence of CVL varied according with the technique used: the test DPP showed soropositivity of 4.87% (IC 95% of 3.5-6.7%); the ELISA Bio-Manguinhos of 2.18% (IC 95% of 1.3-3.5%) and ELISA in house of 13.73% (IC 10.8-17.3%). In relation to variability observed among the techniques, as worth pointing out that same showed different antigens and this can reflect in the results. The sampIes were compound in majority by adult females, without definite race, medium-sized and short hair. In the univarious analysis using the ELISA Bio-Manguinhos as confirmatory for the CVL, was observed statistic association (p<0.05; IC 95%) with clinic sintomatology according by Quinnell et al. (2003), origin of animals (public kennel) and racial group; and also, there was suggestion of the association with masculine sex and medium/big port animals. In the multivarious analysis, the fact of being precedent from the kennell and clinic sintomatology kept associated to the result, being suggestive the masculine sex. This was the first enquiry of CVL in Juiz de Fora municipality and presence of the disease showed in this research, reinforce the idea that the leishmaniasis is in the process of expansion and urbanization in Brazil, pointing out necessity of an active epidemiologic vigilance.