Métodos rápidos para análise de ácidos graxos em alimentos e seleção de biomarcadores para aterosclerose

Abstract

An alternative method for determination of trans fatty acids expressed as elaidic acid in CZE-UV with direct detection was proposed. The background electrolyte used consisted of 12,0 mmol L-1 of sodium tetraborate buffer, 12,0 mmol L-1 of brij 35 and MeOH/ACN in ratio 33:17 v:v. Trans fatty acids in different samples such as butter toffee, cake mix, stuffed wafers, chocolate and a mix for brazilian cheese bread were successfully quantified within an analysis time of 13 min, considering the statistical approach based on response factor calculation using cis-nonadecaenoic acid as internal standard. The statistical comparison between CZE-UV and the classical GC method for the analyzed samples did not present significant differences within the 95% confidence interval. Also was proposed an alternative method for the target analysis of CLA by fast GC using the SLB-IL111 column with 15 m length and 0.10 mm in internal diameter. The separation occurred with isotherm at 168 ° C and the CLA isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans10, cis-12 eluting at 4.6 and 4.7 minutes, respectively. Two samples of milk with different CLA content in its composition was analyzed and quantified by standard addiction. The statistical comparison between the proposed method with the column SLB-IL111 and the classical GC method with the column CPSil-88 did not present significant differences within the 95% confidence interval. The third focus of this work involves the search of biomarkers for unstable atherosclerosis, using fingerprint approach in metabolomics. It selected a group of 38 patients, men and women, half diagnosed with unstable atherosclerosis and half with stable atherosclerosis. From the plasma analysis of these patients, by LC-MS and GC-MS, 25 metabolites as biomarkers candidate for this disease were selected. In which, only 18 could be identified and classified as fatty acids, amino acids, and carnitines. Its variation between samples suggests that human food may be related to the differences in the metabolism of patients diagnosed with stable and unstable atherosclerosis.