Planejamento, síntese e avaliação imunossupressora e anti-inflamatória de derivados antraquinônicos

Abstract

Anthraquinone is an important class of organic compounds due to their common occurrence in nature, as well as being versatile in the preparation of novel bioactive compounds. This can be confirmed by the large number of molecules synthesized each year containing this group, emphasizing compounds with immunosuppressive, antitumor and anti-inflammatory activity. This work describes the synthesis of amines, amides, ethers and amino alcohols derived from anthraquinones such as 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone, 1,4-dihydroxianthraquinone and 1-5-dihydroxi-4,8-diaminoanthraquinone using mitoxantrone as a prototype compound. Two series were obtained by O-alkylation reaction of 1,4-dihydroxianthraquinona with subsequent replacement of the leaving group or the same group attached to the alkyl-anthraquinone ring with different amino alcohols or amines. A third series of compounds was obtained by preparing two reactive intermediate "leucoquinizarim" and subsequent condensation to various amino-alcohols. The fourth and fifth series reports the synthesis of different compounds from the 1,4-diaminoanthraquinones as monoamides, diamides and amino alcohols, via condensation with coupling reagents, acyl chloride and epoxide opening, respectively. After purification and characterization of the compounds though the usual spectroscopic methods (1H and 13C NMR, Infrared and mass spectra) their immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties were evaluated in vitro and the most active substances are being evaluated and check the action in the modulation of the in vivo immune response of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In general, structural modifications proposed in this set of molecules showed a decrease in inflammation by reducing the production of NO, which is an improvement compared to the mitoxantrone, besides presenting inhibition of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and IL-1β), suggesting an immunosuppressive character.