Estudo de técnicas de deconvolução para reconstrução de energia online no calorímetro hadrônico do ATLAS

Abstract

This work presents a study of deconvolution techniques to be used in the online energy reconstruction for the ATLAS hadronic calorimeter (TileCal) first level trigger system. The high-luminosity environment, foreseen for the next years of operation of the LHC particle collider, increases the probability of observe adjacent collisions, promoting the signal superposition effect. The current algorithm for energy reconstruction is not robust against this pile-up effect. In this work, the TileCal is considered as a communication channel whose impulse response must be compensated in order to remove the pile-up effect and to recover the deposited energy information at each collision. The developed methods require an online implementation. Since FPGAs are suitable for high-speed applications, they are chosen to be used in the ATLAS trigger system. Therefore, in this work two different online deconvolution techniques were tested, a direct FIR filter implementation and techniques based on iterative processes. The later outperforms the former due to the possibility of imposing a constraint for reconstructing only positive energies, which is know to reflect the reality. The results have shown that the proposed methods present better reconstruction performance than the current employed method when the environment presents superposition effect (high luminosity). As expected, the iterative methods present smaller errors than the direct FIR methods. However, regarding the FPGA implementation, the iterative techniques have a higher computational cost and uses more hardware resources.