Uma análise do desempenho dos estudantes no exame nacional do ensino médio e as contribuições para o ensino-aprendizagem de física

Abstract

In this work we address important aspects of large-scale assessments, especially the Physic assessments, the types, characteristics and also the preparation of the reference matrices for such assessments and items that make up the evaluation instruments. We discuss Bloom's Taxonomy, the classical theory of tests and the Item Response Theory. We analyse the performance of graduating high school students who participated in the National High School Exam (ENEM) in the 2009 to 2014 editions, for this purpose we used as a data source ENEM microdata provided by INEP. A brief discussion of the theoretical basis is primarily made involving this test model, item response theory and classical theory of tests. The students were divided into seven levels of proficiency, sought a series of statistical information between other relevant psychometric measures. This study revealed a poor performance in Physics of students that are completing high school in Brazil, highlighting the need for monitoring of teaching this discipline, so as to enable political and pedagogical actions that seek to improve the quality of science education, so the educational assessments show is an excellent tool. Finally, we will discuss the positive aspects of assessing and how the results of the evaluations can be used to improve teaching practices in teaching physics. The educational product developed in this master's work was the construction of a preparation guide, review and application of assessment tools in teaching physics whose purpose is to assist teachers to develop a critical eye on these assessments, to help in the treatment of the data generated and to use these data to develop activities in the classroom that seek to enhance the teaching and learning in physics.