Projeção de emissão de CO2 no Brasil, para o período 2006 a 2015: uma análise com base na integração de modelos macroeconômico e insumo-produto

Abstract

Environmental issues, particularly emissions of carbon dioxide play an important role in the research agenda of the field of economics. The problem of the increasing rate of global emissions of carbon dioxide is that culminates in a higher concentration of this gas in the atmosphere and this in turn causes an increase in global average temperature. The increase in temperature of the planet generates a series of imbalances, including: changes in rainfall, desertification and melting in some regions, impacts on agricultural production and human health. The difficulty of finding a solution to global warming occurs at the same pace of the difficulty of finding ways to sustain economic growth without increasing fuel consumption, especially fossil fuels. Thus, is necessary to think about environmental issues along with economic growth. Future prospects for Brazil indicate a high rate of growth in emissions, compared to the rate of countries in the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). To estimate the direct emissions of CO2 this research uses a model that integrates an input-output and macroeconomic models. By using an integrated model the shocks induced in the input-output model no longer random (ad-hoc) and become macrobased giving consistency to the model. The data used to build the model are: input-output matrices from 1990 to 2005, direct emissions of CO2 industry, 2005 forecast growth rate of the Brazilian population and consumption of renewable and non renewable resources. The results of this research in general indicate that: all economic sectors will increase their emissions between 2006 and 2015; the concentration of emissions in a few sectors will continue; and in terms of emission the transportation sector in 2005 is the largest and still be in 2015. The proposed scenarios indicated that the transport sector is the most susceptible to changes in the labor supply and use of renewable and non renewable energies.