Epidemiologia e perfil de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos de bactérias clinicamente relevantes, isoladas no Hospital Universitário da UFJF: implicações na higiene, limpeza e no gerenciamento do controle de infecção hospitalar

Abstract

It is well known that putative pathogenic bacteria are ubiquitous and widely distributed in the hospital environment. This study aimed to detect bacterial persistence in the nosocomial environment after mopping by the cleaning staff. Microorganism susceptibility patterns to antimicrobial drugs and disinfectants commonly used in health services were also investigated. Rinse water of mops used to clean critical areas of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora University Hospital was processed for selective isolation of enterobacteriaceae (GNR), non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and enterococci (ENT). Isolated bacteria were biochemically characterized and their susceptibility patterns to antimicrobial drugs and disinfectants evaluated by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. Five hundred and forty seven bacterial strains were recovered but only CNSs and NFGNRs isolated in the critical areas. Resistance was detected against all drugs with exception of CNS to vancomycin. At least 44% of the isolated bacteria were resistant to more than one drug. Susceptibility patterns to disinfectants were determined to concentrations in the range of 0.125 to 1% (quaternary ammonium, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid/H2O2). Hospitals provide reservoirs of microorganisms many of which may be multiresistant to antibiotics. Some of these organisms are borne by patients and staff, but the hospital environment is a substantial repository for others. Preventing the spread of clinical relevant bacteria depends on the quality of hospital cleaning services. Monitoring bacteria susceptibility to antimicrobials and disinfectants may help the management of nosocomial infections.