Rede de apoio para pessoas idosas abordadas em domicílio: estudo de método misto

Abstract

Outline research in a mixed method. This study aimed to assess the Scale Network Social Lubben-18 (LSNS-18). To understand the social representations of the support network and the aging process in people aged ≥ 65 years. Founded research in the process of human aging, support network, Theory of Social Representations and Betty Neuman’s Theory. Was realized three visits in households assigned to a Unit of Primary Health Care (UAPS) of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sample design complete selection. The inclusion criteria were: people aged ≥ 65 years, lucid and unjumble. The stage of social representations used procedural approach and structural complemented by participatory observation. The survey step includes the scales: LSNS-18 translated, cross-cultural adaptation and validation, Social Support Satisfaction Scale (ESSS). Was applied evocation technique supported by images and individual interviews guided by guiding questions. The data was collected from February/2016 to July/2016 with record by audio or the app support Open Data Kit. Quantitative data consolidated by the program SPSS and qualitative in Programs Nvivo Pro® and EVOC. Attended ethical and legal research involving human subjects. In the survey step participated 190 people: 78.4% women, mean age 75 years, 68.6% with a partner, with 81.5% with ≤ 5 study’s years. In the stage of Social Representation (SR) with structural approach, were attended 195 people. In representation of the aging process emerged the informational dimensions linked to functional limitations (health-disease) with differentiation of symbolic elements according to inducing terms (age-aging well). The cognemas SR on support network refers to symbolic physiology contents (food). help (collaboration), leisure (walk) and family role in providing support (child-husband). Fragments of the speeches from the participants enriched and corroborate the discussion of results. It was possible to grasp the symbolic representations of the participants about the aging process and support network, being the methods triangulation of collection and analysis of data allowed to deepen the theme. The LANSS-18 scale was validated (alpha of Crombach 0,860) ensuring construct validity and 78.9% with regular / satisfactory assessment for social support. The 38,8% score portrayed participant’s satisfaction with their support network. According to Neuman's theory it was possible to identify stressors intrapersonal origin, interpersonal and extra personal whose sources subsidize reflections on nursing care guidance. Also, the work of nurses and health staff in primary health care from the perspective of prevention of social isolation and confrontation of the successful aging process. This research brought as contribution availability of LSNs-18 for the Portuguese of Brazil from the perspective of an approach in the UAPS, conducting a local diagnosis of the network of support available to older people and the deepening of the theme in the mixed method approach. It is recommended to use the LANSS-18 scale in the Brazilian reality with people aged ≥ 65 years from other socioeconomic profiles and cultural realities.