Lógica formal e sua aplicação na argumentação matemática

Abstract

TheuseofLogicisoffundamentalimportanceinthedevelopmentofmodernmathematical theories that seek deduce from axioms and primitive concepts all your body of theorems and consequences. The aim of this work is to describe the tools of Formal Logic that may have immediate applications in the statements of theorems and conjectures, bringing justification and meaning to the deductive techniques and arguments commonly used in Mathematics. In addition to introductory topics on argumentation and scope of Logic, all the work is presented by systematic method in search of a formal criterion that can separate the valid arguments of the invalids. It follows that with a good initial preparation in the field of Formal Logic, the novice mathematician could have a reference on how to strategically proceed in conjectures evidence processes and a deeper knowledge to understand the reasons for the validity of theorems found on their training area.