Atividades antifúngica e antiocratoxigênica dos óleos essenciais de Rosmarinus officinallis L. e Piper aduncum L. sobre Aspergillus carbonarius

Abstract

The contamination of food and medicinal products plants, can occur from cultivation to storage, especially when there is no control of the conditions that favor fungal growth. The fungus Aspergillus carbonarius causes deterioration of products, in addition to producing ochratoxin A, a potentially carcinogenic and nephrotoxic. The increase of synthetic antifungal resistant strains beyond the diversity of biological actions related to Rosmarinus officinalis L. plant species and Piper aduncum L. encourages scientific research for new antimicrobials. Considering the increased exposure to fungal agents, due to elevation consumption of fresh products and the high incidence of ochratoxin A, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal action and antiochratoxigenic property of essential oils R.officinallis L. and P. aduncum L. on the fungus Aspergillus carbonarius CDCA 0126. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and the chemical profile determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The inhibitory effect of essential oils on the fungal isolate was determined by the association of disk diffusion and agar dilution methods and the quantification of ochratoxin A released by high-performance liquid chromatography. They were identified as major compounds verbenone (24.61%), geraniol (17.55%) and 1,8 cineole (11.26%) in R.officinallis L. essential oil and piperitone (28.17%) and (10.42%) P.aduncum L.. In vitro assays demonstrated the effectiveness of oil in the inhibition of fungal growth. The essential oil R.officinallis L. reduced the 94.36% the production of ochratoxin A, whereas the oil P.aduncum L. completely inhibited production. These results indicate that the evaluated essential oils represent a promising alternative for the control of A. carbonarius growth and production of ochratoxin A.