Composição e determinantes da fuga de cérebros no mercado de trabalho formal brasileiro: uma análise de dados em painel para o período 1995-2006

Abstract

The aim of this work is to examine the composition and to identify the determinants of the interstate brain drain in formal labor market in Brazil, with emphasis on the role of individual motivations and regional factors. The phenomenon of the brain drain is characterized by the emigration of the most skilled workers. It is a key factor for innovation, adoption of new technologies and economic growth in long term, because it involves flows of human capital. This way, in view of the considerable economic and social disparities presented in Brazil, and the importance of the human capital for economic growth and development of the federal units, to characterize the interstate brain drain in formal labor market and to identify its determinants becomes relevant. The analysis of the determinants of the brain drain in the formal labor market will be based on the panel data from RAIS-Migra, Annual Report of Social –Migration Information. These data are provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE) for the period 1995-2006, and allow the longitudinal following of the formally employed workers who receive social benefits. Additionally, data on place of origin and/or destination of individuals, from the IBGE, PNAD, were incorporated to the panel. The methodology involves estimation of a logit model with fixed effects for the period from 1995 to 2006. The estimated results confirm the importance of the wage differences as a determinant of the occurrence of brain drain, corroborating the results of national and international literature about this theme. Furthermore, the increased of the probability of brain drain is related to the search by state destinations with greater economic prosperity, greater dynamism in the labor market and greater crowded compared to the state of origin.