Avaliação da microbiota subgengival por PCR, antes e após a terapia mecânica, em pacientes com periodontite crônica: estudo da eficácia do tratamento

Abstract

Periodontitis is defined as a persistent infectious disease with inflammation of supporting tissues surrounding the teeth, including periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. The reflection of the clinical involvement of the supporting structures is the formation of subgingival pockets, clinical attachment loss and gingival bleeding. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of mechanical periodontal therapy as treatment of periodontitis by examining patients before and after therapy to clinical data as subgingival pocket depth, plaque index and bleeding on probing. Was evaluated and the presence or absence of subgingival microorganisms as periodontopathogenic Agreggatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivallis, Tannerela forsythia, Prevotella nigrescens, Eikenella corrodens, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia in the moments before and after therapy by the Polymerase Reaction chain reaction (PCR). Obtained if the success rate in reducing these pathogens qualitative, involving directly in the effective improvement of reduced depth of subgingival pocket, reducing the number of patients with bleeding and plaque index found in these patients after therapy. Species such as Porphyromonas gingivallis reduced by therapy implies the highest average reduction of pocket depth and species as Agreggatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia as reflected in reduced recovery of periodontal bleeding and calculus in periodontal patients. It can be concluded that periodontal disease is multifactorial and there is an interdependence between the bacteria responsible for its etiology, and that mechanical periodontal therapy may reduce these bacteria, but not eradicate them. At the end of three months after therapy, there is a bacterial recolonization, being predominantly oral hygiene of patients and their predisposition to new cycles of

activation of periodontal disease. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has proved to be an effective tool for diagnosis and prognosis of periodontal disease.