Evolução temporal das áreas de risco à ocorrência de escorregamentos na bacia hidrográfica do córrego do Yung – Juiz de Fora/MG entre 1968 e 2010

Abstract

In recent decades occurred in Brazil a strong process of urban sprawl, which largely took place in a disorderly fashion. Therefore, the mapping of use and occupation of land, the application of laws installment of urban land and the areas of risk identification are important components in disaster management and serves as a basis for promoting human occupation safely. In Juiz de Fora city, Yung’s Watershed (BHCY) is a place with potential environmental risk because of its intense history of use and occupation of land. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of risk areas in BHCY, associated with landslides processes on slopes, and interpret the evolution of urban settlement in BHCY, as well as their relationship with the installment of legislation and land use to the years 1968, 1983 and 2010. For this work was used various cartographic materials: Aerophotogrametric Images of the above years; Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Slope based on LiDAR model (Light Detection and Ranging); Installment legislation and occupation of urban land; and SINMAP Model calibration parameters. To apply the methodologies were used: ArcGIS, SINMAP Module and Risk Analysis Methodology. The results show that the accelerated process of change in the landscape caused changes in numerous classes of use (vegetation, grazing, mining, etc.) and the urbanization is directed, in most part, to unfavorable areas occupation in BHCY. Moreover, the degree of most common risk to the built environment, identified the three periods (1968, 1983 and 2010) is of high risk classes, it means that the individual risks are those with the highest occurrence of potential in BHCY. And in the case of areas with a risk Very High presented scope associated with higher risk. Therefore, s laws put important points in that concern this placement, however occupancy occurs at a much faster manner, that is, the production of space urban changes the dynamics and the balance of the plains and slopes, increasing and accelerating natural processes that could result in injury and damage to people that there are inserted.