O espaço doméstico (οικος) no cristianismo originário e a relação com a cultura popular do mediterrâneo antigo: configurações, usos e percepções a partir dos sinóticos

Abstract

This doctoral dissertation investigates the historical, social, and literary environment in which early Christianities emerged during the first half of the 1st century CE, focusing on the examination of domestic space (οἶκος) in interface with the analytical category of popular culture in the Ancient Mediterranean. In view of an incipient investigation into this theme within the academic field, I establish as the central problem-question: in what ways do the representations of domestic space produced by Early Christianity and present in the Synoptic Gospels dialogue with the popular culture of the Ancient Mediterranean and indicate a religiosity rooted in these popular dynamics? To answer this question, I outline as a general objective to analyze the configurations, uses, and perceptions of the household environment from the Synoptic Gospels, addressing its physical dimensions and socioeconomic functions. The theoretical framework is anchored in the methodological premises of New Cultural History, drawing on Carlo Ginzburg's historiographical model, from which I adopt the understanding of popular culture and the evidentiary paradigm as the central theoreticalmethodological reference. The articulation between archaeological data, historical analysis, and exegetical stances aims to provide elements to investigate lexical residues, textual gaps, and material details underlying the Markan, Matthean, and Lukan narratives. The exegetical data reveal an architectural subalternity in the synoptic sources that reproduces the material scarcity of the anonymous masses, while also exposing social dynamics marked by profound tensions with hegemonic traditions. I consider that the domestic space of the early Christian movement did not configure an isolated margin, but rather an essentially intersectional and fluid territory; the locus of a domestic subversion in which marginalized subjects (such as artisans, farmers, women, and enslaved people) performed their own agency and re-signified their daily experiences of faith, converting the precarious shelter into a platform for a religiosity rooted in the popular culture of its historical context.